neuromyelitis optica
Also written as: NMO — neuromyelitis optica
An autoimmune demyelinating disease primarily affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord.
Full Definition
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), also known as Devic disease, is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease that primarily targets the optic nerves and spinal cord. The condition is characterized by severe attacks of optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Most cases are associated with antibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a water channel protein highly expressed in astrocytic foot processes. Histologically, NMO shows acute necrotizing lesions with prominent neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration, complement deposition, and extensive astrocyte loss with relative oligodendrocyte preservation. The disease has a relapsing course and can cause significant disability if untreated.
Usage
Usage note: Note AQP4 antibody association and astrocyte loss pattern.
In Context
- "The spinal cord biopsy confirmed neuromyelitis optica with characteristic astrocyte loss." — Inflammatory demyelinating disease workup
- "Aquaporin-4 antibodies supported the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica." — Autoimmune serology report