dystonia
Pronunciation: dis-TOH-nee-uh
Involuntary muscle contractions causing sustained twisting movements or abnormal postures, often medication-induced.
Full Definition
Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterized by involuntary, sustained muscle contractions that result in repetitive twisting movements and abnormal postures. In neuropsychiatric practice, dystonia most commonly occurs as an acute extrapyramidal side effect of antipsychotic medications, particularly high-potency typical neuroleptics. Acute dystonic reactions typically involve the muscles of the head, neck, and face, with oculogyric crisis representing a severe form. The condition can be extremely distressing for patients and may lead to medication non-compliance if not promptly recognized and treated with anticholinergic agents.
Usage
Usage note: Medical emergency when severe; distinguish from other movement disorders in extrapyramidal symptom assessment.
In Context
- "Acute dystonia developed within hours of the patient's first haloperidol injection." — Emergency department report
- "Benztropine 2mg IM provided rapid relief of the dystonic reaction." — Treatment intervention note