phenytoin
Pronunciation: FEN-ih-toe-in
Antiepileptic medication that can cause cognitive and psychiatric side effects.
Full Definition
Phenytoin is a first-generation antiepileptic drug used to treat seizure disorders, but it carries significant neuropsychiatric implications. The medication can cause dose-dependent cognitive impairment, including attention deficits, memory problems, and psychomotor slowing. At toxic levels, phenytoin may produce confusion, ataxia, and altered mental status. Long-term use is associated with cerebellar atrophy and potential mood changes. Neuropsychiatric monitoring is essential, particularly given the drug's narrow therapeutic window and saturable pharmacokinetics.
Usage
Usage note: Generic name should be used in clinical documentation; brand name Dilantin in parentheses if needed.
In Context
- "Phenytoin levels were elevated, correlating with the patient's cognitive decline." — Laboratory report
- "The neuropsychiatrist recommended phenytoin dose reduction due to attention deficits." — Consultation note