oligodendroglioma
Pronunciation: oh-li-goh-den-droh-glee-OH-mah
A type of brain tumor arising from oligodendrocytes, cells that produce myelin in the central nervous system.
Full Definition
Oligodendrogliomas are primary brain tumors that develop from oligodendrocytes, the glial cells responsible for producing and maintaining myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the central nervous system. These tumors are classified as either Grade II (low-grade) or Grade III (anaplastic oligodendroglioma) based on their histological features. Oligodendrogliomas typically occur in the cerebral hemispheres, particularly the frontal and temporal lobes, and have a predilection for the white matter. A significant proportion of these tumors harbor genetic mutations, particularly 1p/19q co-deletion and IDH mutations, which are important for prognosis and treatment decisions. Patients with oligodendrogliomas often have a more favorable prognosis compared to other glioma types, especially when genetic markers indicate chemosensitivity.
Usage
Usage note: Always include molecular markers (1p/19q status, IDH mutation) when available.
In Context
- "Molecular testing revealed 1p/19q co-deletion in the oligodendroglioma, indicating potential chemosensitivity." — Pathology report
- "The anaplastic oligodendroglioma showed excellent response to combined radiation and chemotherapy." — Treatment outcome summary