peritumoral edema
Fluid accumulation in brain tissue surrounding a tumor, causing mass effect and neurological symptoms.
Full Definition
Peritumoral edema refers to the accumulation of extracellular fluid in brain tissue adjacent to and surrounding a tumor mass. This vasogenic edema results from disruption of the blood-brain barrier by tumor-secreted factors, leading to increased capillary permeability and protein extravasation. The extent of peritumoral edema varies by tumor type, with metastases and high-grade gliomas typically causing more pronounced edema than meningiomas or low-grade gliomas. Significant edema contributes to mass effect, elevated intracranial pressure, and neurological deterioration, often requiring treatment with corticosteroids.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from cytotoxic edema, which has different pathophysiology and appearance.
In Context
- "MRI demonstrated extensive peritumoral edema with midline shift requiring urgent intervention." — emergency radiology report
- "Dexamethasone was administered to reduce peritumoral edema before surgical resection." — preoperative care plan