analytical specificity
The ability of a screening test to correctly identify only the target analyte without cross-reactivity.
Full Definition
Analytical specificity measures how well a newborn screening assay identifies and quantifies only the intended target compound without interference from structurally similar substances or matrix components. High analytical specificity reduces false positive results by minimizing cross-reactivity with related metabolites, medications, or other blood components. This parameter is critical for screening test validation and quality assurance, as poor specificity can lead to unnecessary follow-up testing and family anxiety. Analytical specificity differs from clinical specificity, which relates to correctly identifying unaffected individuals.
Usage
Usage note: Always distinguish from 'clinical specificity' when discussing test performance characteristics.
In Context
- "The new assay demonstrated excellent analytical specificity with minimal cross-reactivity to related compounds." — Method validation report
- "Poor analytical specificity led to an increased false positive rate in the pilot study." — Quality improvement analysis