Mendelson's Syndrome
Chemical pneumonitis resulting from aspiration of acidic gastric contents during anesthesia, particularly concerning in obstetric patients.
Full Definition
Mendelson's syndrome is a severe form of aspiration pneumonitis that occurs when acidic gastric contents are aspirated into the lungs, typically during general anesthesia. Named after Curtis Mendelson who first described it in obstetric patients, this condition is particularly relevant in pregnancy due to delayed gastric emptying, increased gastric acidity, and anatomical changes that predispose to aspiration. The syndrome can lead to acute lung injury, ARDS, and potentially fatal complications, making aspiration prophylaxis crucial in obstetric anesthesia.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguished from aspiration pneumonia, which involves bacterial infection rather than chemical injury from gastric acid.
In Context
- "Preoperative fasting and antacid prophylaxis are essential to prevent Mendelson's syndrome during emergency cesarean delivery." — Anesthetic protocol documentation
- "The patient developed acute respiratory distress consistent with Mendelson's syndrome following aspiration during induction." — Postoperative complication report