Placental Abruption
Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, causing maternal hemorrhage and fetal compromise requiring emergency anesthetic management.
Full Definition
Placental abruption is the premature separation of a normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall before fetal delivery. This obstetric emergency presents with abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding (which may be concealed), uterine tenderness, and fetal distress. The condition can lead to maternal hemorrhagic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and fetal hypoxia or death. Anesthetic management involves rapid assessment of maternal hemodynamic status, potential airway compromise from hemorrhagic shock, emergency cesarean delivery often under general anesthesia, and preparation for massive transfusion. The urgency of intervention depends on the degree of separation and maternal-fetal stability.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from placenta previa (placenta covers cervical os) and vasa previa (fetal vessels cross the cervical os); abruption involves separation from uterine wall.
In Context
- "Emergency cesarean section under general anesthesia was performed for severe placental abruption with fetal bradycardia." — Emergency surgery report
- "Coagulation studies were ordered following delivery due to suspected placental abruption with concealed hemorrhage." — Postoperative laboratory monitoring