gestational diabetes mellitus
Glucose intolerance first diagnosed during pregnancy, typically developing in the second or third trimester.
Full Definition
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy in women without pre-existing diabetes. It typically manifests after 20 weeks gestation due to pregnancy hormones causing insulin resistance. GDM increases risks for both mother and baby, including macrosomia, birth trauma, neonatal hypoglycemia, and future maternal diabetes. Diagnosis is made through glucose tolerance testing, with management involving dietary modification, glucose monitoring, and potentially insulin therapy. The condition usually resolves after delivery but requires postpartum glucose screening.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as GDM; distinguish from pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy.
In Context
- "Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed at 28 weeks following an abnormal glucose tolerance test." — Antenatal care record
- "Management of gestational diabetes mellitus included dietary counseling and twice-weekly fetal surveillance." — High-risk pregnancy consultation