shoulder dystocia
An obstetric emergency where the fetal shoulders become impacted after delivery of the head, requiring specific manoeuvres for safe extraction.
Full Definition
Shoulder dystocia is a potentially life-threatening complication during vaginal delivery characterized by impaction of the fetal shoulders against the maternal symphysis pubis or sacral promontory after delivery of the fetal head. It occurs in approximately 0.6-1.4% of all vaginal deliveries and requires immediate recognition and systematic management using specific obstetric manoeuvres. Risk factors include maternal diabetes, fetal macrosomia, and prolonged second stage of labor. Prompt management is essential to prevent fetal hypoxia and birth trauma.
Usage
Usage note: Note the spelling 'dystocia' not 'dystopia'; often requires immediate documentation of specific manoeuvres used.
In Context
- "Shoulder dystocia was immediately recognized and resolved using the McRoberts maneuver." — Delivery note
- "The risk of shoulder dystocia increases significantly with estimated fetal weight exceeding 4500g." — Antenatal counselling documentation