Endothelial cell density
The number of endothelial cells per square millimeter on the inner corneal surface, critical for maintaining corneal transparency.
Full Definition
Endothelial cell density (ECD) refers to the concentration of endothelial cells on the posterior surface of the cornea, typically measured in cells per square millimeter. These cells are crucial for maintaining corneal deturgescence by pumping excess fluid out of the corneal stroma. Normal adult ECD ranges from 2000-4000 cells/mm², with natural decline occurring with age. Surgical procedures, particularly intraocular surgery, can cause endothelial cell loss, and monitoring ECD is essential for assessing corneal health and surgical risk. Severe endothelial dysfunction may require corneal transplantation to restore visual function.
Usage
Usage note: Always specify units (cells/mm²) when reporting numeric values. Commonly abbreviated as ECD.
In Context
- "Preoperative endothelial cell density was 1800 cells/mm², raising concerns about surgical risk." — Preoperative evaluation
- "Specular microscopy showed a 15% decrease in endothelial cell density post-surgery." — Follow-up examination