Sclerotomy
Surgical incision through the sclera to access the vitreous cavity or posterior segment.
Full Definition
Sclerotomy refers to the creation of a small, controlled incision through the sclera to provide access to the vitreous cavity during posterior segment surgery. Most commonly performed during pars plana vitrectomy, sclerotomies are typically placed 3.5-4.0mm posterior to the limbus to avoid lens damage while ensuring adequate visualization. Modern techniques use small-gauge systems (23, 25, or 27-gauge) that may be self-sealing, reducing the need for suture closure. Proper sclerotomy placement and construction are critical for preventing hypotony, endophthalmitis, and vitreous incarceration. The number and configuration of sclerotomies depend on the surgical procedure and instrumentation requirements.
Usage
Usage note: Gauge size and location should always be specified in operative reports for accurate documentation.
In Context
- "Three 25-gauge sclerotomies were created in the standard triangular configuration for pars plana vitrectomy." — Operative report
- "The sclerotomy sites were carefully inspected for leakage before concluding the procedure." — Surgical documentation