Anastomotic Leak
Postoperative complication where surgical connection between bowel segments fails, causing intestinal contents to leak into the peritoneal cavity.
Full Definition
Anastomotic leak is a serious postoperative complication occurring when a surgically created connection between bowel segments breaks down, allowing intestinal contents to escape into the peritoneal cavity or surrounding tissues. This complication can occur after any gastrointestinal resection with restoration of continuity, including colorectal, gastric, esophageal, and small bowel procedures. Risk factors include poor tissue perfusion, tension on the anastomosis, malnutrition, steroid use, and radiation therapy. Clinical presentation may range from subtle signs like prolonged ileus to fulminant sepsis requiring immediate reoperation. Early recognition and appropriate management are critical for patient survival.
Usage
Usage note: Grade severity according to established classification systems when documenting complications.
In Context
- "CT imaging revealed an anastomotic leak with pelvic fluid collection requiring percutaneous drainage." — radiology report
- "The patient developed signs of anastomotic leak on postoperative day 5, necessitating return to the operating room." — postoperative complication note