TNM staging
Also written as: TNM — Tumor, Node, Metastasis
Standardized cancer classification system based on tumor size, lymph node involvement, and metastasis presence.
Full Definition
The TNM staging system is the internationally accepted standard for describing the anatomical extent of cancer at the time of diagnosis. T describes the size and extent of the primary tumor, N indicates whether cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, and M denotes the presence or absence of distant metastases. Each component is assigned a numerical or letter designation, and these combine to determine an overall stage (I-IV) that guides treatment decisions and provides prognostic information. This system ensures consistent cancer classification across institutions and countries.
Usage
Usage note: Always capitalize TNM; components written as T1-4, N0-3, M0-1 depending on cancer type.
In Context
- "Final TNM staging was determined as T2N1M0, corresponding to Stage IIIA disease." — Pathology report
- "TNM staging revealed T4N2M1 disease, indicating metastatic cancer." — Staging summary