micrognathia
Pronunciation: MY-kroh-NAY-thee-ah
Underdevelopment of the mandible resulting in a small, receding lower jaw that may affect breathing and feeding.
Full Definition
Micrognathia is a condition characterized by abnormal smallness of the mandible, resulting in a retruded chin appearance and potential functional problems. This developmental anomaly can be isolated or part of various syndromes such as Pierre Robin sequence or Treacher Collins syndrome. The condition may lead to airway obstruction, feeding difficulties in infants, dental crowding, and speech problems. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and cephalometric analysis. Treatment depends on severity and may include early airway management, orthodontic intervention, and surgical correction through mandibular advancement procedures. The condition significantly impacts facial profile and may require multidisciplinary management.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from retrognathia, which may include normal-sized but posteriorly positioned mandible.
In Context
- "The newborn presented with severe micrognathia requiring immediate airway intervention." — Emergency case report
- "Cephalometric analysis confirmed significant micrognathia with an SNB angle of 68 degrees." — Orthodontic assessment