osteonecrosis
Pronunciation: OS-tee-oh-neh-KRO-sis
Death of bone tissue due to inadequate blood supply, often medication-related or radiation-induced.
Full Definition
Osteonecrosis refers to bone tissue death resulting from compromised blood supply, commonly seen in the maxillofacial region following bisphosphonate therapy, radiation treatment, or high-dose steroid use. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), particularly from bisphosphonates used in osteoporosis and cancer treatment, presents a significant challenge in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The condition typically manifests as exposed, necrotic bone that fails to heal over eight weeks in patients with a history of antiresorptive or antiangiogenic therapy. Risk factors include dental extractions, poor oral hygiene, and invasive dental procedures. Management ranges from conservative debridement to extensive surgical resection depending on staging and extent of necrotic bone.
Usage
Usage note: Specify type (medication-related, radiation-induced) and staging when documenting cases.
In Context
- "The patient developed osteonecrosis following bisphosphonate therapy and tooth extraction." — clinical case presentation
- "Stage 3 osteonecrosis required surgical resection and reconstruction with free tissue transfer." — treatment planning notes