Noma
Pronunciation: NOH-muh
A rapidly progressive, gangrenous infection of the orofacial tissues occurring primarily in severely malnourished and immunocompromised children, causing extensive soft-tissue and bone destruction.
Full Definition
Noma (cancrum oris) is a devastating polymicrobial necrotising disease that begins as a gingival lesion and spreads rapidly to destroy the full thickness of the cheek, lips, and underlying bone, resulting in severe facial disfigurement. It is predominantly seen in sub-Saharan Africa in children aged 2–6 years suffering from malnutrition, poor oral hygiene, and intercurrent infections. Recognised by the WHO as a neglected tropical disease in 2023, noma carries a high mortality rate in untreated cases. Editors should be aware that 'cancrum oris' is the Latin synonym used in older literature and in some regional publications, and both terms refer to the same condition.
Usage
Usage note: When editing global health or tropical medicine documents, retain 'cancrum oris' if used in context of historical or regional literature, but note that 'noma' is the current WHO-preferred term.
In Context
- "Noma was formally added to the WHO list of neglected tropical diseases in 2023, increasing global attention to this devastating orofacial condition." — Global health policy brief
- "Survivors of noma frequently require extensive reconstructive surgery to restore facial form and function." — Surgical review article