Trigeminal Neuralgia
Pronunciation: try-JEM-ih-nul nyoo-RAL-juh
A neuropathic pain disorder characterised by sudden, severe, electric shock-like facial pain following the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve.
Full Definition
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is classified under the ICOP and ICHD frameworks as either classical (caused by neurovascular compression), secondary (caused by an underlying disease such as multiple sclerosis), or idiopathic. Pain is typically unilateral, paroxysmal, and triggered by innocuous stimuli such as chewing, speaking, or light touch—a phenomenon known as allodynia. The condition is distinct from persistent idiopathic facial pain and atypical odontalgia. Editors must ensure the correct anatomical terminology is used: the three branches are the ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3) divisions. Abbreviate as TN only after definition; do not use 'tic douloureux' without explaining it is a historical synonym.
Usage
Usage note: 'Tic douloureux' is a historical French term still encountered in older literature; modern editorial style favours 'trigeminal neuralgia'. Define at first use if retained.
In Context
- "Trigeminal neuralgia was diagnosed following MRI findings confirming neurovascular compression at the trigeminal root entry zone." — Neurology/oral medicine case report
- "The article used 'tic douloureux' without explanation; the editor replaced it with 'trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)' at first mention." — Editorial revision note