Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit
Also written as: GIRD — Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit
Loss of shoulder internal rotation range of motion, commonly seen in overhead athletes.
Full Definition
Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD) is a condition characterized by decreased internal rotation of the shoulder joint compared to the contralateral side or normative values. This deficit typically results from posterior capsular tightness and is commonly observed in overhead athletes such as baseball pitchers and tennis players. GIRD is associated with increased risk of shoulder impingement and labral tears. The condition is quantified by measuring the difference in internal rotation between the throwing and non-throwing shoulders, with deficits greater than 20 degrees considered clinically significant. Rehabilitation focuses on posterior capsular stretching and strengthening of external rotators.
Usage
Usage note: Always specify measurement methodology and compare to contralateral side or normative data.
In Context
- "The overhead athlete presented with a 25-degree glenohumeral internal rotation deficit on the dominant side." — physical therapy evaluation
- "GIRD assessment requires standardized positioning with the shoulder in 90 degrees of abduction." — assessment protocol