apprehension test
A clinical examination maneuver that reproduces the sensation of impending dislocation to assess joint instability.
Full Definition
The apprehension test is a provocative examination technique used primarily to assess shoulder instability, though variations exist for other joints. For anterior shoulder instability, the test is performed with the patient supine or sitting, with the arm abducted to 90° and externally rotated. The examiner applies gentle anterior pressure to the posterior humeral head while continuing external rotation. A positive test occurs when the patient experiences apprehension or fear that the shoulder will dislocate, often accompanied by muscular guarding or a request to stop the maneuver. This response indicates anterior shoulder instability and helps guide treatment decisions.
Usage
Usage note: Note the degree of rotation at which apprehension occurs for severity assessment.
In Context
- "A positive anterior apprehension test at 60° of external rotation confirmed shoulder instability." — Physical examination
- "The apprehension test was negative in all positions, arguing against significant instability." — Clinical assessment