congenital diaphragmatic hernia
A birth defect characterized by abnormal development of the diaphragm, allowing abdominal organs to herniate into the chest cavity.
Full Definition
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a serious birth defect occurring in approximately 1 in 2,500 births, where incomplete formation of the diaphragm allows abdominal contents to migrate into the thoracic cavity. This compression severely impairs lung development, leading to pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. The condition requires immediate postnatal stabilization, often including mechanical ventilation, and surgical repair once the infant is hemodynamically stable. Long-term outcomes depend on the degree of lung underdevelopment and associated anomalies.
Usage
Usage note: Specify type (Bochdalek vs Morgagni) when known. CDH is acceptable abbreviation after first use.
In Context
- "Prenatal ultrasound revealed left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia with significant mediastinal shift." — Fetal medicine consultation
- "The newborn with CDH required immediate intubation and ECMO support for severe pulmonary hypertension." — NICU admission note