gynecomastia
Pronunciation: guy-nuh-koh-MAS-tee-uh
Benign enlargement of male breast tissue, common during normal pubertal development.
Full Definition
The proliferation of ductal and stromal breast tissue in males, resulting in palpable breast enlargement. Physiologic gynecomastia occurs in approximately 60-70% of pubertal boys, typically appearing between ages 10-16 years due to temporary estrogen-androgen imbalance during pubertal transition. The condition usually resolves spontaneously within 1-3 years as testosterone levels stabilize. Pathologic gynecomastia may result from medications, endocrine disorders, liver disease, or tumors. Clinical evaluation includes assessment of breast development using Tanner staging, measurement of testicular volume, and hormonal evaluation if the presentation is atypical. Treatment is rarely necessary for physiologic gynecomastia but may be considered for psychological distress or persistence beyond normal duration.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from pseudogynecomastia, which involves fat deposition without true glandular enlargement.
In Context
- "Bilateral gynecomastia developed in this 13-year-old boy concurrent with testicular enlargement, consistent with normal pubertal development." — Physical examination findings
- "Persistent gynecomastia beyond two years warrants hormonal evaluation to exclude underlying pathology." — Clinical guidelines