neutrophil oxidative burst
The rapid production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils during phagocytosis to kill ingested microorganisms.
Full Definition
A crucial antimicrobial mechanism involving the rapid generation of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and other reactive oxygen species within neutrophil phagosomes. This process is mediated by the NADPH oxidase complex and is essential for effective bacterial and fungal killing. Testing of neutrophil oxidative burst function is performed using specialized assays such as the dihydrorhodamine (DHR) test or nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test. Defects in this pathway result in chronic granulomatous disease, characterized by recurrent severe infections with catalase-positive organisms. The term is commonly used in immunodeficiency workups and research protocols.
Usage
Usage note: May be referred to as 'respiratory burst' in older literature; specify 'neutrophil' for clarity.
In Context
- "The neutrophil oxidative burst assay was abnormal, prompting genetic testing for chronic granulomatous disease." — Immunology consultation note
- "Normal neutrophil oxidative burst function excluded primary phagocyte defects as the cause of recurrent infections." — Diagnostic evaluation summary