lymphadenopathy
Pronunciation: lim-fad-eh-NOP-ah-thee
Abnormal enlargement of lymph nodes, often indicating infection, malignancy, or autoimmune disease in pediatric patients.
Full Definition
Lymphadenopathy refers to the abnormal enlargement of one or more lymph nodes, typically defined as nodes >1 cm in diameter in most locations (>1.5 cm in inguinal region). In pediatric infectious disease, lymphadenopathy is a common finding that can be localized or generalized. Acute infectious causes include bacterial infections (particularly Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes), viral infections (EBV, CMV, adenovirus), and atypical organisms like Bartonella henselae (cat scratch disease). The pattern, duration, and associated symptoms help differentiate infectious from malignant or autoimmune causes. Nodes that are firm, fixed, or rapidly enlarging require urgent evaluation.
Usage
Usage note: Can be abbreviated as LAD in clinical notes; specify location and characteristics when documenting.
In Context
- "Physical examination revealed bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy consistent with viral upper respiratory infection." — Pediatric clinic documentation
- "The unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy raised concern for cat scratch disease given the patient's exposure history." — Infectious disease consultation