petechial rash
Pronunciation: puh-TEE-kee-uhl
Small, pinpoint hemorrhagic spots on the skin that do not blanch with pressure, often indicating serious underlying conditions in children.
Full Definition
A petechial rash consists of small, flat, red or purple spots measuring less than 2mm in diameter that result from bleeding into the skin. Unlike other rashes, petechiae do not blanch (turn white) when pressure is applied, which distinguishes them from other red spots. In pediatric patients, petechiae can indicate serious underlying conditions including thrombocytopenia, bacterial endocarditis, meningococcemia, or other causes of bleeding disorders or vasculitis. The distribution and associated symptoms are crucial for determining the underlying cause. Petechiae above the nipple line following vigorous coughing or vomiting may be benign, while widespread or lower extremity petechiae often warrant immediate investigation including complete blood count and blood cultures.
Usage
Usage note: Key distinguishing feature is non-blanching nature; always document whether pressure testing was performed.
In Context
- "The widespread petechial rash prompted immediate blood work to rule out thrombocytopenia." — Emergency department triage note
- "Petechial rash on the lower extremities raised concern for possible meningococcemia." — Pediatric intensive care admission