hemolytic uremic syndrome
A thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by the triad of hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury, commonly affecting young children.
Full Definition
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is the leading cause of acute kidney injury in previously healthy children. The typical form is associated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC-HUS) and follows gastroenteritis with bloody diarrhea. The pathophysiology involves endothelial damage leading to microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, platelet consumption, and acute kidney injury. Atypical HUS results from complement dysregulation and has a more chronic course with higher recurrence risk. Treatment is primarily supportive, including dialysis for severe acute kidney injury and careful management of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish between typical (diarrhea-associated) and atypical HUS, as management and prognosis differ significantly.
In Context
- "The classic triad of hemolytic uremic syndrome developed 5 days after onset of bloody diarrhea in this 3-year-old." — Emergency department presentation
- "Complement studies were ordered to distinguish typical from atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome given the absence of diarrhea." — Diagnostic workup