nephrotic syndrome
A kidney disorder characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema, commonly seen in pediatric patients.
Full Definition
Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical syndrome resulting from glomerular disease that allows excessive protein loss in the urine. In children, it presents with massive proteinuria (>40 mg/m²/hour), hypoalbuminemia, generalized edema, and often hyperlipidemia. The most common cause in children is minimal change disease, which typically responds well to corticosteroid therapy. The condition requires careful monitoring for complications including infection risk due to immunoglobulin loss and thrombotic events.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish clearly from nephritic syndrome, which involves hematuria and hypertension rather than heavy proteinuria.
In Context
- "The 4-year-old presented with classic features of nephrotic syndrome including facial edema and frothy urine." — Case presentation
- "First-line treatment for childhood nephrotic syndrome involves high-dose prednisolone for 6-8 weeks." — Treatment guideline