hydrocephalus
Pronunciation: hahy-druh-SEF-uh-luhs
Accumulation of excess cerebrospinal fluid within the brain's ventricular system, causing increased intracranial pressure.
Full Definition
Hydrocephalus is a condition characterized by abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain's ventricular system, resulting in ventricular enlargement and increased intracranial pressure. In pediatric neurology, hydrocephalus may be congenital or acquired, communicating or non-communicating (obstructive). Common causes include neural tube defects, intraventricular hemorrhage, infections, and brain tumors. Clinical presentation varies by age but may include macrocephaly, developmental delays, and signs of increased intracranial pressure. Treatment typically involves surgical CSF diversion through shunt placement.
Usage
Usage note: Specify type (communicating vs. non-communicating) and etiology when known.
In Context
- "Progressive hydrocephalus secondary to myelomeningocele required VP shunt placement." — Neurosurgical operative report
- "Serial head circumference measurements and imaging confirmed developing hydrocephalus." — Pediatric neurology follow-up note