hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Also written as: HIE — hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Brain injury in newborns caused by insufficient oxygen delivery and blood flow to the brain during the perinatal period.
Full Definition
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a form of acquired brain injury that occurs when the brain does not receive adequate oxygen and blood supply during the perinatal period. This condition can result from various complications during pregnancy, labor, or delivery, including placental abruption, umbilical cord problems, or maternal hypotension. HIE is classified into mild, moderate, or severe grades based on clinical presentation and neurological examination findings. The condition can lead to long-term neurological sequelae including cerebral palsy, developmental delays, and seizures. Therapeutic hypothermia is now standard treatment for moderate to severe HIE when initiated within six hours of birth.
Usage
Usage note: Use hyphen between hypoxic and ischemic. Commonly abbreviated as HIE in clinical practice.
In Context
- "The newborn was diagnosed with moderate HIE and underwent therapeutic hypothermia protocol." — NICU admission note
- "Long-term follow-up revealed developmental delays consistent with prior hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy." — Developmental pediatrics assessment