neonatal seizures
Pronunciation: NEE-oh-NAY-tal SEE-zhurs
Seizures occurring in infants during the first 28 days of life, often presenting with subtle clinical manifestations.
Full Definition
Neonatal seizures are episodes of abnormal electrical activity in the brain occurring during the first 28 days of life, representing a neurological emergency that requires immediate evaluation and treatment. Unlike seizures in older children, neonatal seizures often present with subtle clinical signs such as eye deviation, cycling movements, apnea, or subtle rhythmic movements that may be easily missed. The most common causes include hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intracranial hemorrhage, metabolic disorders, and infections. Electrographic seizures without clinical manifestations are common in neonates, necessitating continuous EEG monitoring for accurate diagnosis. Treatment typically involves addressing underlying causes while providing antiepileptic medications when indicated.
Usage
Usage note: Emphasize the often subtle presentation and need for EEG monitoring. Distinguish from normal neonatal movements and jitteriness.
In Context
- "Continuous EEG monitoring revealed electrographic seizures despite the absence of obvious clinical manifestations." — NICU consultation note
- "The neonate presented with subtle neonatal seizures consisting of eye deviation and cycling movements." — Pediatric neurology evaluation