neuroblastoma
A malignant tumor arising from immature nerve cells of the sympathetic nervous system, most commonly occurring in infants and young children.
Full Definition
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, arising from neural crest cells that form the sympathetic nervous system. It typically presents in infants and toddlers, with about 90% of cases diagnosed before age 5. The tumor can occur anywhere along the sympathetic chain but most commonly arises in the adrenal glands or abdominal sympathetic ganglia. Neuroblastoma has a wide spectrum of clinical behavior, from spontaneous regression in infants to highly aggressive metastatic disease. Diagnosis involves imaging studies, tumor markers (catecholamines), and tissue biopsy with molecular analysis including MYCN amplification status.
Usage
Usage note: Should not be confused with other neural tumors such as neurofibroma or ganglioneuroma, which have different clinical implications.
In Context
- "The 18-month-old presented with an abdominal mass that was later confirmed to be neuroblastoma." — Case presentation
- "MYCN amplification in the neuroblastoma specimen indicated high-risk disease requiring intensive chemotherapy." — Pathology report