NMDA receptor encephalitis
Also written as: NMDA — N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis
An autoimmune encephalitis caused by antibodies against NMDA receptors, presenting with psychiatric symptoms, seizures, and movement disorders.
Full Definition
NMDA receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune condition in which antibodies target N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the brain, leading to receptor dysfunction and inflammation. The condition typically presents in children and young adults with a characteristic progression of symptoms including psychiatric manifestations, memory problems, seizures, dyskinesias, and autonomic dysfunction. In pediatric patients, the presentation may be more acute with seizures and altered consciousness being prominent early features. The condition is often associated with ovarian teratomas in adolescent females but can occur without an underlying tumor.
Usage
Usage note: Always capitalize NMDA; consider tumor screening in adolescent females with this diagnosis.
In Context
- "The teenager's acute psychosis and seizures led to testing for NMDA receptor encephalitis." — Emergency department note
- "CSF analysis confirmed NMDA receptor antibodies, establishing the diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis." — Laboratory report