Ortolani test
Pronunciation: or-to-LAH-nee
A physical examination maneuver used to detect hip dislocation in infants by attempting to reduce a dislocated hip through abduction and anterior pressure.
Full Definition
The Ortolani test is a clinical examination technique used to evaluate for hip dislocation in newborns and infants, typically performed during routine pediatric examinations. The maneuver involves placing the infant supine with hips and knees flexed to 90 degrees, then gently abducting the hip while applying anterior pressure over the greater trochanter with the examiner's middle finger. A positive test occurs when a palpable 'clunk' is felt as the dislocated femoral head reduces into the acetabulum. This test is complementary to the Barlow test, which attempts to dislocate a stable hip. The Ortolani test is most sensitive during the first few weeks of life, as the hip may become fixed in the dislocated position with time. Early detection through these screening maneuvers is crucial for timely intervention and optimal outcomes in developmental hip dysplasia.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from Barlow test; describe findings as positive/negative with accompanying clinical details.
In Context
- "The Ortolani test was positive on the left hip, with a palpable clunk during abduction." — Newborn examination note
- "Both Ortolani and Barlow tests should be performed as part of routine hip screening in infants." — Clinical practice guideline