supracondylar fracture
The most common elbow fracture in children, occurring just above the elbow joint and carrying significant risk of neurovascular complications and cosmetic deformity.
Full Definition
Supracondylar fractures of the humerus are the most frequent elbow injuries in pediatric patients, typically occurring between ages 4-8 years following falls onto an outstretched hand. The fracture occurs through the thin bone just proximal to the elbow joint, between the coronoid and olecranon fossae. These fractures are classified using the Gartland classification system (Types I-III) based on displacement and angulation. The proximity to neurovascular structures makes this injury particularly concerning, with potential complications including brachial artery injury, median nerve injury (anterior interosseous nerve branch), radial nerve injury, and compartment syndrome. Loss of reduction can result in cubitus varus (gunstock deformity) due to angulation or collapse. Most displaced fractures require closed or open reduction with percutaneous pinning, while undisplaced fractures may be treated with immobilization alone.
Usage
Usage note: Always include Gartland classification; emphasize neurovascular status in documentation.
In Context
- "The patient sustained a Gartland Type III supracondylar fracture requiring emergent reduction and pinning." — Emergency department consultation
- "Post-reduction radiographs showed satisfactory alignment of the supracondylar fracture with intact anterior humeral line." — Post-operative note