bronchopulmonary dysplasia
A chronic lung disease affecting premature infants who required mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy.
Full Definition
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a form of chronic lung disease that develops in premature infants, particularly those born before 28 weeks gestation who require prolonged mechanical ventilation and oxygen supplementation. The condition is characterized by arrested lung development, impaired alveolarization, and abnormal pulmonary vascular development. Histologically, BPD shows simplified alveolar structure with enlarged airspaces, thickened alveolar walls, and variable degrees of fibrosis. The severity is classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on oxygen requirements at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. BPD significantly impacts long-term respiratory function and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from acute respiratory distress syndrome in terminology.
In Context
- "Lung biopsy findings were consistent with moderate bronchopulmonary dysplasia showing simplified alveolar architecture." — Pathology report
- "The infant developed severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia requiring tracheostomy and home ventilation." — Medical record