congenital diaphragmatic hernia
A birth defect characterized by abnormal development of the diaphragm, allowing abdominal organs to herniate into the chest.
Full Definition
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a serious birth defect occurring in approximately 1 in 2,500 live births, characterized by incomplete formation of the diaphragm during fetal development. The most common form is Bochdalek hernia, typically occurring on the left side, allowing abdominal organs such as the stomach, intestines, and sometimes liver to herniate into the thoracic cavity. This displacement impairs normal lung development, resulting in pulmonary hypoplasia and persistent pulmonary hypertension. The condition requires immediate postnatal stabilization and surgical repair, with outcomes largely dependent on the degree of pulmonary hypoplasia and associated anomalies. Prenatal diagnosis is possible through ultrasound and fetal MRI.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from acquired diaphragmatic hernias in documentation.
In Context
- "Prenatal ultrasound demonstrated left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia with severe pulmonary hypoplasia." — Prenatal report
- "The newborn underwent immediate intubation and surgical repair of the congenital diaphragmatic hernia." — Operative note