hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Brain injury in newborns caused by oxygen deprivation and reduced blood flow during the perinatal period.
Full Definition
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a form of neonatal brain injury resulting from inadequate oxygen delivery (hypoxia) and reduced cerebral blood flow (ischemia) during the perinatal period. The condition typically occurs due to complications during labor and delivery, such as umbilical cord prolapse, placental abruption, or uterine rupture. HIE is classified into three grades based on clinical severity: mild (Grade I), moderate (Grade II), and severe (Grade III). Pathologically, HIE affects specific brain regions including the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cortical watershed areas. Therapeutic hypothermia has become the standard of care for moderate to severe HIE when initiated within six hours of birth.
Usage
Usage note: Preferred over older terms like birth asphyxia or perinatal asphyxia.
In Context
- "MRI findings demonstrated bilateral basal ganglia injury consistent with moderate hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy." — Radiology report
- "The neonate was treated with therapeutic hypothermia for severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy." — Treatment protocol