periventricular leukomalacia
Brain injury in premature infants characterized by necrosis of white matter near the lateral ventricles.
Full Definition
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a form of brain injury that predominantly affects premature infants, characterized by necrosis and subsequent cystic degeneration of white matter in the periventricular region. This condition typically occurs in infants born before 32 weeks gestation and is associated with ischemic injury to the developing white matter, particularly in watershed areas with vulnerable blood supply. PVL can be classified as cystic (with visible cyst formation) or non-cystic (diffuse white matter injury without cyst formation). The condition is a major risk factor for cerebral palsy, particularly spastic diplegia, and cognitive impairments. Diagnosis is made through cranial ultrasound and brain MRI, with the latter being more sensitive for detecting non-cystic forms.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from other forms of white matter injury in documentation.
In Context
- "Brain MRI at term equivalent age revealed extensive periventricular leukomalacia with bilateral cystic changes." — Radiology report
- "The infant developed spastic cerebral palsy secondary to severe periventricular leukomalacia." — Neurology consultation