atelectasis
Pronunciation: at-uh-LEK-tuh-sis
Partial or complete collapse of lung tissue resulting in reduced gas exchange and impaired ventilation.
Full Definition
Atelectasis refers to the partial or complete collapse of lung tissue, resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange in the affected area. In pediatric patients, atelectasis can be congenital or acquired, with causes including airway obstruction, compression, surfactant deficiency, or loss of sighs and deep breaths during mechanical ventilation. The condition is particularly common in premature infants and postoperative patients. Clinical manifestations may include tachypnea, decreased oxygen saturation, and diminished breath sounds over the affected area. Chest radiographs typically show volume loss and increased opacity in the collapsed region. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include chest physiotherapy, bronchoscopy, or positive pressure ventilation.
In Context
- "Post-operative atelectasis was evident on the chest radiograph following the infant's cardiac surgery." — Postoperative nursing note
- "Incentive spirometry and chest physiotherapy were initiated to prevent atelectasis in the mechanically ventilated child." — Respiratory therapy plan