bronchiolitis
Pronunciation: brong-kee-oh-LY-tis
Inflammation of the small airways in the lungs, most commonly affecting infants under two years.
Full Definition
Bronchiolitis is an acute inflammatory condition affecting the bronchioles, the smallest airways in the lungs, predominantly occurring in children under 24 months of age. The condition is most commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), though other viruses including rhinovirus, parainfluenza, and human metapneumovirus can also be responsible. Clinical presentation includes cough, wheezing, tachypnea, and feeding difficulties. Management is primarily supportive, as bronchodilators and corticosteroids have not proven effective in this age group.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from bronchitis, which affects larger airways.
In Context
- "The six-month-old presented with acute bronchiolitis and required supplemental oxygen." — Emergency department note
- "Supportive care with hydration and oxygen therapy was provided for viral bronchiolitis." — Treatment summary