choanal atresia
Pronunciation: koh-AH-nuhl uh-TREE-zhuh
Congenital blockage of the nasal passages that can cause severe respiratory distress in newborns who are obligate nasal breathers.
Full Definition
Choanal atresia is a congenital condition characterized by the complete or partial blockage of the posterior nasal apertures (choanae) by bone or soft tissue. This condition can be unilateral or bilateral, with bilateral cases representing a neonatal emergency due to severe respiratory distress. Affected infants may present with cyclic cyanosis that improves with crying, as newborns are obligate nasal breathers. The condition is often associated with CHARGE syndrome and requires immediate recognition and intervention, including the placement of an oral airway and potential surgical correction.
In Context
- "The newborn's cyclic cyanosis that resolved with crying suggested bilateral choanal atresia." — Neonatal intensive care unit progress note
- "CT imaging confirmed bony choanal atresia requiring endoscopic surgical repair." — Otolaryngology consultation report