congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Also written as: CDH — congenital diaphragmatic hernia
A birth defect where abdominal organs herniate into the chest cavity through a diaphragmatic opening.
Full Definition
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a developmental anomaly occurring in approximately 1 in 3,000 births, where a defect in the diaphragm allows abdominal viscera to herniate into the thoracic cavity. The most common type is posterolateral (Bochdalek) hernia, typically occurring on the left side. This condition results in pulmonary hypoplasia and persistent pulmonary hypertension due to compression of developing lung tissue. Affected neonates present with severe respiratory distress immediately after birth and require immediate intubation and mechanical ventilation. Treatment involves surgical repair of the diaphragmatic defect, often requiring ECMO support perioperatively.
Usage
Usage note: Specify laterality and type when known; left-sided lesions are more common.
In Context
- "Prenatal ultrasound diagnosed left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia with liver herniation." — Prenatal consultation report
- "The neonate with CDH required immediate intubation and ECMO support." — Delivery room record