hypercapnia
Pronunciation: hahy-per-KAP-nee-uh
Elevated levels of carbon dioxide in arterial blood, typically above 45 mmHg, indicating inadequate ventilation.
Full Definition
Hypercapnia, also known as hypercarbia, is a condition characterized by an abnormally high concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in arterial blood, typically defined as a partial pressure greater than 45 mmHg. This condition results from inadequate alveolar ventilation relative to CO2 production, leading to CO2 retention. In pediatric patients, hypercapnia can occur due to various causes including respiratory depression, severe airway obstruction, neuromuscular disorders, or mechanical ventilation problems. Clinical manifestations may include altered mental status, headache, vasodilation, and in severe cases, narcosis or coma. Management focuses on improving ventilation through mechanical or pharmacological interventions.
Usage
Usage note: Also spelled hypercarbia; specify PaCO2 value when documenting.
In Context
- "Arterial blood gas analysis revealed significant hypercapnia with a PaCO2 of 68 mmHg." — Laboratory report
- "The patient's hypercapnia improved after adjusting ventilator settings to increase minute ventilation." — ICU progress note