persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Also written as: PPHN — persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
A condition where pulmonary vascular resistance remains elevated after birth, causing right-to-left shunting.
Full Definition
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a syndrome characterized by sustained elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance after birth, preventing the normal postnatal decrease in pulmonary artery pressure. This results in right-to-left shunting across the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale, leading to severe hypoxemia and cyanosis. PPHN can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to conditions such as meconium aspiration syndrome, respiratory distress syndrome, or sepsis. Treatment includes mechanical ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide, and in severe cases, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
Usage
Usage note: Spell out on first use; ensure distinction from acquired pulmonary hypertension in older children.
In Context
- "The term infant developed persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn following meconium aspiration." — Neonatal consultation
- "Inhaled nitric oxide therapy was initiated for management of PPHN." — Treatment plan