respiratory distress syndrome
Condition primarily affecting premature infants caused by surfactant deficiency leading to alveolar collapse and respiratory failure.
Full Definition
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), also known as hyaline membrane disease, is a respiratory disorder that predominantly affects premature infants born before 37 weeks of gestation. The condition results from insufficient production of pulmonary surfactant, a substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli and prevents their collapse during expiration. Clinical manifestations include tachypnea, grunting, nasal flaring, intercostal retractions, and cyanosis. The severity typically correlates with the degree of prematurity. Treatment involves surfactant replacement therapy, respiratory support, and supportive care. Without treatment, the condition can progress to respiratory failure and death.
Usage
Usage note: Commonly abbreviated as RDS in clinical documentation.
In Context
- "The 28-week preterm infant developed severe respiratory distress syndrome requiring intubation and surfactant administration." — Neonatal intensive care admission note
- "Chest radiographs showed the characteristic ground-glass appearance consistent with respiratory distress syndrome." — Radiology interpretation