pneumoperitoneum
Pronunciation: /ˌnuːmoʊˌpɛrɪtəˈniːəm/
Free air within the peritoneal cavity, which in pediatric patients often indicates gastrointestinal perforation requiring urgent surgical intervention.
Full Definition
Pneumoperitoneum refers to the presence of free air within the peritoneal cavity, visible on imaging studies as lucent areas that outline organ contours or collect in dependent or non-dependent portions of the abdomen. In pediatric radiology, pneumoperitoneum most commonly results from gastrointestinal perforation due to necrotizing enterocolitis, appendicitis, trauma, or iatrogenic causes during procedures. Unlike adults, pediatric pneumoperitoneum is rarely physiologic and almost always indicates a serious underlying condition requiring immediate surgical evaluation. Detection methods include upright chest radiographs showing air under the hemidiaphragms, lateral decubitus views, or CT imaging. The amount and distribution of free air can help localize the source of perforation and guide surgical planning.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from pneumatosis intestinalis, which is air within the bowel wall rather than free in the abdomen.
In Context
- "Massive pneumoperitoneum was evident on the upright chest radiograph, indicating bowel perforation." — Emergency department imaging
- "Trace pneumoperitoneum persisted post-operatively but was expected after laparoscopic repair." — Post-surgical follow-up imaging