thyroglossal duct cyst
Pronunciation: THY-ro-glos-al
Congenital neck mass arising from remnants of the embryonic thyroglossal duct, typically appearing as a midline cystic lesion on imaging.
Full Definition
The most common congenital neck mass in children, resulting from incomplete obliteration of the embryonic thyroglossal duct during fetal development. These cysts can occur anywhere along the path of thyroid descent from the tongue base to the lower neck, though they are most commonly found in the midline near the hyoid bone. Imaging characteristics include a well-defined cystic lesion that moves with swallowing or tongue protrusion. Ultrasound is often the initial imaging modality, while CT or MRI may be used for surgical planning. Complications can include infection, hemorrhage, or rarely, malignant transformation. Treatment typically involves surgical excision including the central portion of the hyoid bone (Sistrunk procedure).
Usage
Usage note: Hyphenate compound modifiers; commonly abbreviated as TGD cyst in clinical notes.
In Context
- "Ultrasound demonstrated a thyroglossal duct cyst with internal echoes suggesting previous hemorrhage." — Pediatric radiology report
- "The thyroglossal duct cyst was located at the level of the hyoid bone with typical midline position." — Pediatric surgery consultation