vein of Galen malformation
A rare arteriovenous malformation where arteries connect directly to the vein of Galen, bypassing normal capillary beds.
Full Definition
Vein of Galen malformation (VOGM) is a rare but serious arteriovenous malformation in which arteries feed directly into the vein of Galen, creating a high-flow shunt that bypasses normal brain tissue. This condition represents the most common symptomatic vascular malformation in neonates and infants, often presenting with high-output heart failure, macrocephaly, and developmental delays. Two main types exist: vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) and vein of Galen aneurysmal dilatation (VGAD). Imaging with ultrasound may show the dilated vein and increased flow, while MRI and angiography define the angioarchitecture. Treatment involves endovascular embolization, though timing is crucial as premature intervention can worsen heart failure while delayed treatment allows progressive brain injury.
Usage
Usage note: Write as 'vein of Galen malformation' or abbreviate as VOGM. Specify type (VGAM vs VGAD) when known.
In Context
- "Prenatal ultrasound identified a large vein of Galen malformation with associated hydrops." — Maternal-fetal medicine
- "The neonate with vein of Galen malformation developed high-output cardiac failure requiring stabilization before embolization." — Pediatric neurosurgery consultation