Wilms tumor
The most common primary renal malignancy in children, typically presenting as an abdominal mass in patients under age 5.
Full Definition
Wilms tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is the most frequent kidney cancer in pediatric patients, accounting for approximately 90% of childhood renal malignancies. It typically presents between ages 2-5 years as a unilateral abdominal mass, though bilateral disease occurs in 5-10% of cases. Imaging characteristics include a large, heterogeneous renal mass with possible calcification, hemorrhage, and necrosis. CT and MRI are essential for staging, assessing vascular involvement, and detecting pulmonary metastases. The tumor may rupture spontaneously or during palpation, leading to peritoneal seeding. Treatment involves nephrectomy with adjuvant chemotherapy, and prognosis is generally excellent with appropriate management.
Usage
Usage note: Always capitalize 'Wilms' as it is an eponym. May be abbreviated as WT in subsequent references within same document.
In Context
- "The large heterogeneous left renal mass is most consistent with Wilms tumor." — Radiology report
- "Avoid palpating suspected Wilms tumor to prevent tumor rupture and upstaging." — Clinical guideline