autologous stem cell transplantation
A high-intensity treatment approach using the patient's own hematopoietic stem cells after conditioning therapy for severe pediatric rheumatic diseases.
Full Definition
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a procedure used in severe, refractory pediatric rheumatic diseases such as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. The process involves harvesting the patient's own stem cells, followed by high-dose immunosuppressive conditioning therapy (typically cyclophosphamide with or without anti-thymocyte globulin) to eliminate autoreactive immune cells, then reinfusion of the stored stem cells to reconstitute the immune system. This approach aims to 'reset' the immune system and induce long-term remission in cases where conventional therapies have failed. The procedure carries significant risks and requires specialized pediatric transplant expertise.
Usage
Usage note: Specify 'autologous' to distinguish from allogeneic procedures; typically reserved for refractory cases.
In Context
- "After failing multiple biologics, the patient was referred for consideration of autologous stem cell transplantation." — Referral documentation
- "The multidisciplinary team reviewed the risks and benefits of autologous stem cell transplantation for this adolescent with refractory systemic JIA." — Treatment planning conference